ABSTRACT
Previous studies explain the time course of withdrawal symptoms among smokers pre and post quit attempt, either withor without the help of medication. Studies showed that male Muslim smokers could quit smoking during Ramadan sincefasting relate to the changes in psychosomatic, daily activities and nicotine withdrawal symptoms. This study aimed toinvestigate the time course of withdrawal symptoms among smokers who used nicotine patch to quit smoking duringfasting in Ramadan. A total of 40 eligible Muslim males who tried to quit smoking was selected and provided with smokingcessation counseling for the duration of 8 to 10 weeks while on nicotine patch. Participants level of withdrawal symptomswas recorded by using nine items of Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale over a period of 60 days. Participant’s carbonmonoxide reading and body weight were measured within six months including pre and post-Ramadan fasting. Over fourweeks of the fasting month, the measured withdrawal symptoms such as urge to smoke (P ≤ 0.001), depressed mood (P≤ 0.001), irritability/frustration or anger (P ≤ 0.05), anxiety (P ≤ 0.05), difficulty concentrating(P ≤ 0.001), restlessness(P ≤ 0.001), difficulty going to sleep (P ≤ 0.001) and impatient (P ≤ 0.05) significantly decreased except appetite by theend of week 4. Time course analyses demonstrated that all outcome measures showed good effects during cessation infasting month. The point prevalence abstinence at first month of quitting was 67.5% which is higher in fasting month.This has shown positive clinical implications in managing smoking cessation program during Ramadan with the aid ofnicotine patch.
ABSTRACT
Poor adherence to antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy can lead to various undesirable complications. Identifying the contributing factors of poor adherence is beneficial in assisting health care professionals to provide optimal interventions to control the seizures. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors affecting the adherence level to AED therapy in a multiracial population with epilepsy. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the neurology clinic of a tertiary care setting. Researcherassisted questionnaire was utilised. Adherence level was assessed using validated Modified Morisky Adherence Scale-8. A total of 145 patients with epilepsy were included in this study. The prevalence of poor adherence to AED therapy was 64.1%. Poor adherence level was significantly associated with younger age (χ2 = 7.609, p = 0.022), medication adverse effects (χ2 = 5.075, p = 0.020), shorter duration of epilepsy (r = 0.180, p = 0.030) and uncertainty about the necessity for AEDs (χ2 = 11.803, p = 0.001). Conclusion, prevalence of poor adherence to antiepileptic drugs was high and factors associated with poor adherence to AEDs were identified for a multiracial population with epilepsy.